Might be too much of a memory stretch, but just on the off chance: in the time when home computers and dedicated chess computers were using the same CPUs, does anyone know how much of an advantage not having an operating system was (given that an OS consumes CPU cycles)?
Related: does anyone have any idea how much of a CPU loss going from DOS to Windows was? Might be a tricky one, that: DOS restrictions vs Windows stealing a tonne of cycles.